Which two protocols are categorized as Application Layer protocols in the TCP/IP reference model?

In the TCP/IP reference model, Application Layer protocols are responsible for enabling communication between software applications on a network. They define the methods and rules for data exchange, ensuring that software can communicate effectively over the network.

The choice that includes FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) both represent valid Application Layer protocols. FTP is used for transferring files between a client and a server, while SNMP is utilized for managing devices on IP networks. Both of these protocols operate at the Application Layer, which is the topmost layer in the TCP/IP model that deals directly with user interfaces and application services.

On the other hand, the other options pertain to different layers or purposes within networking. For instance, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure) also fit within the Application Layer, meaning that option A is also correct. However, focusing on the protocols presented in option B, FTP and SNMP specifically highlight the application of protocols that serve different roles within network interactions.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) are part of the Internet Layer and the Link Layer respectively, hence they do not belong to the Application Layer. Similarly, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and