Which protocol provides error detection and correction in data transmission?

The answer is TCP. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol that is responsible for ensuring reliable data transmission across networks. One of its key features is its ability to provide error detection and correction. TCP achieves this through several mechanisms, including sequence numbers, acknowledgments, and checksums.

When data is sent over a network using TCP, each segment is assigned a sequence number, which allows the receiving device to acknowledge receipt of the segments. If a segment is lost or corrupted during transmission, the receiving device can inform the sender, prompting it to retransmit the affected data. Additionally, TCP uses checksums for error detection; each segment carries a checksum that verifies the integrity of the data. If a segment's checksum does not match the data received, it indicates an error, leading to its retransmission.

In contrast, the other protocols listed do not provide the same level of error detection and correction as TCP. IP (Internet Protocol) primarily focuses on routing packets between devices but does not guarantee delivery or correct errors in transmission. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that also does not provide error recovery, prioritizing speed over reliability. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for diagnostic and error-reporting purposes but