In the context of network traffic, what role does a Layer 3 Switch serve?

A Layer 3 Switch primarily functions by performing IP routing between virtual LANs (VLANs). Unlike traditional switches that operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model—where they manage traffic based on MAC addresses—a Layer 3 Switch is equipped with the capability to route packets based on IP addresses. This allows it to facilitate communication between different VLANs by making intelligent forwarding decisions based on the destination IP address.

This ability to handle IP routing means that a Layer 3 Switch can manage both switching (at Layer 2) and routing (at Layer 3) tasks, effectively combining the functions of a router and a switch into a single device. As a result, it plays a critical role in a network’s infrastructure, especially in environments where inter-VLAN routing is necessary.

The other options represent functionalities or layers that are not the primary role of a Layer 3 Switch. For instance, data link layer switching focuses on MAC addresses, physical layer connectivity pertains to hardware connections, and application layer processing involves higher-level functions unrelated to the core switching and routing duties of a Layer 3 Switch.